First Command: sudo apt list --upgradeable
Command Breakdown:
sudo
is root privileges (to become admin for a single command).apt
is the Command Name.list
to display a list of packages satisfying certain criteria.--upgradeable
the criteriaCommand Standard Output: (abridged)
Listing...
alsa-ucm-conf/focal-updates,focal-updates 1.2.2-1ubuntu0.7 all [upgradable from: 1.2.2-1ubuntu0.6]
alsa-utils/focal-updates 1.2.2-1ubuntu2.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.2.2-1ubuntu2]
bluetooth/focal-updates,focal-updates 5.53-0ubuntu3.1 all [upgradable from: 5.53-0ubuntu3]
gir1.2-webkit2-4.0/focal-updates,focal-security 2.32.0-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.30.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1]
google-chrome-stable/stable 90.0.4430.212-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 90.0.4430.93-1]
iio-sensor-proxy/focal-updates 2.8-1ubuntu1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.8-1]
qemu-system-x86/focal-updates 1:4.2-3ubuntu6.16 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:4.2-3ubuntu6.15]
qemu-utils/focal-updates 1:4.2-3ubuntu6.16 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:4.2-3ubuntu6.15]
samba-common-bin/focal-updates,focal-security 2:4.11.6+dfsg-0ubuntu1.8 amd64 [upgradable from: 2:4.11.6+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6]
Second Command: sudo apt-get -u upgrade --assume-no
Command Breakdown:
sudo
is root privileges (to become admin for a single command).apt-get
is the Command Name.-u
or --show-upgraded
list of packages that are to be upgraded; must be used with upgrade
.upgrade
is used to install the newest versions of all packages currently installed.--assume-no
Automatically answers "No" when the command asks, “Do you want to continue? [Y/n]”. (Do you want to upgrade at this moment? No. You get it).Note: Linux Mint 20 manpage for apt-get
does not include the -u
option or description.
-u, --show-upgraded
Show upgraded packages. Print out a list of all packages that are to be upgraded.
Command Standard Output:
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
Calculating upgrade...
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libllvm10 libllvm10:i386 libnvidia-common-450 libnvidia-compute-455:i386
libnvidia-decode-455:i386 libnvidia-encode-455:i386 libnvidia-fbc1-455:i386
libnvidia-gl-455:i386 libnvidia-ifr1-455:i386 nvidia-kernel-common-455
nvidia-kernel-source-455 nvidia-utils-455 xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-455
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages have been kept back:
libnvidia-common-450 libnvidia-common-460 linux-generic
linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic
The following packages will be upgraded:
alsa-ucm-conf alsa-utils bluetooth bluez bluez-cups bluez-obexd firefox
firefox-locale-en flatpak gir1.2-flatpak-1.0 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0
gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 google-chrome-stable iio-sensor-proxy libasound2
libasound2-data libatopology2 libbluetooth3 libexiv2-27 libflatpak0
libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 liblightdm-gobject-1-0 libmysqlclient21
libnetplan0 libsmbclient libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon
libvirt-daemon-driver-qemu libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-rbd
libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-daemon-system-systemd libvirt0 libwacom-bin
libwacom-common libwacom2 libwbclient0 libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 libxmlb1 lightdm
linux-firmware linux-libc-dev netplan.io openvpn python3-apport
python3-problem-report python3-samba python3-yaml qemu-block-extra qemu-kvm
qemu-system-common qemu-system-data qemu-system-gui qemu-system-x86
qemu-utils samba-common samba-common-bin samba-libs smbclient thermald
xul-ext-lightning
60 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
Need to get 295 MB of archives.
After this operation, 4,023 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] N
Abort.
Third Command: dpkg-query -l
Command Breakdown:
dpkg-query
is the Command Name.-l
or --list
list all installed packages on your system.Fourth Command: dpkg-query -L add-apt-key
Command Breakdown:
dpkg-query
is the Command Name.-L
or --listfiles
list specific package, add-apt-key in this example, installed on your system.Command Standard Output: (abridged)
dpkg-query -l
all installed packages.
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-=================================================-=====================================-============-======================================================================================================
ii accountsservice 0.6.55-0ubuntu12~20.04.4 amd64 query and manipulate user account information
ii acl 2.2.53-6 amd64 access control list - utilities
ii acpi-support 0.143 amd64 scripts for handling many ACPI events
ii acpid 1:2.0.32-1ubuntu1 amd64 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event daemon
ii add-apt-key 1.0-0.5 all Command line tool to add GPG keys to the APT keyring
ii adduser 3.118ubuntu2 all add and remove users and groups
ii adwaita-icon-theme 3.36.1-2ubuntu0.20.04.2 all default icon theme of GNOME (small subset)
ii adwaita-icon-theme-full 3.36.1-2ubuntu0.20.04.2 all default icon theme of GNOME
dpkg-query -L add-apt-key
single package.
/.
/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/add-apt-key
/usr/share/doc/add-apt-key/README
/usr/share/doc/add-apt-key/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/add-apt-key/README.Debian
/usr/share/doc/add-apt-key/copyright
/usr/share/doc/add-apt-key/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/man8
/usr/share/man/man8/add-apt-key.8.gz
/usr/sbin
/usr/sbin/add-apt-key
/etc
/etc/default
/etc/default/add-apt-key
Fifth & Sixth Commands: sudo apt-mark hold google-chrome-stable; sudo apt-mark showhold
Command Breakdown:
sudo
is root privileges (to become admin for a single command).apt-mark
is the Command Name.hold
will prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or removed.google-chrome-stable
is the package effected by hold.;
is the end of a command; command seperation.sudo
is root privileges (to become admin for a single command).apt-mark
is the Command Name.showhold
will print a list of packages effected by hold
.Command Standard Output: (abridged)
google-chrome-stable set on hold.
Seventh Command: sudo apt-mark unhold google-chrome-stable
Command Breakdown:
sudo
is root privileges (to become admin for a single command).apt-mark
is the Command Name.unhold
will remove hold
, allowing the package to be automatically installed, upgraded or removed.google-chrome-stable
is the package once effected by hold; no longer due to unhold
.Note: showhold
will now print blank/nothing because packages are no longer effected by hold
.
touch apt-get01.txt; date > ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt; echo -e "\n" >> ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt; apt-get --version >> ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt; echo -e "\n\napt-get --help\n\n" >> ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt; apt-get --help >> ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt; echo -e "\n\nman apt-get\n\n" >> ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt; man apt-get >> ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt; echo -e "\n\nCompleted.";
touch apt-get01.txt;
this command will create the "apt-get01.txt" file.
date > ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt;
this command stores the date and time with the "apt-get01.txt" file.
echo -e "\n" >> ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt;
this command gives us a blank line or new line within the "apt-get01.txt" file.
apt-get --version >> ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt;
this command adds the version of apt-get
we have installed to the "apt-get01.txt" file.
echo -e "\n\napt-get --help\n\n" >> ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt;
this command adds to new lines or blank lines to the file then, adds the label "apt-get -- help" to the "apt-get01.txt" file.
apt-get --help >> ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt;
this command adds the standard output of apt-get --help
to the "apt-get01.txt" file.
echo -e "\n\nman apt-get\n\n" >> ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt;
intentionally left blank.
man apt-get >> ~/Documents/apt-get01.txt;
intentionally left blank.
echo -e "\n\nCompleted.";
intentionally left blank.
The NATO phonetic alphabet is a Spelling Alphabet; a set of words used instead of letters in oral communication (i.e. over the phone or military radio). Each word ("code word") stands for its initial letter (alphabetical "symbol"). The 26 code words in the NATO phonetic alphabet are assigned to the 26 letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order as follows: Symbol, Code Word, Morse Code, Phonic.
(pronunciation)
A, Alfa/Alpha, AL FAH.
B, Bravo, BRAH VOH.
C, Charlie, CHAR LEE.
D, Delta, DELL TAH.
E, Echo, ECK OH.
F, Foxtrot, FOKS TROT.
G, Golf, GOLF.
H, Hotel, HOH TELL.
I, India, IN DEE AH.
J, Juliett, JEW LEE ETT.
K, Kilo, KEY LOH.
L, Lima, LEE MAH.
M, Mike, MIKE.
N, November, NO VEMBER.
O, Oscar, OSS CAH.
P, Papa, PAH PAH.
Q, Quebec, KEH BECK.
R, Romeo, ROW ME OH.
S, Sierra, SEE AIRRAH.
T, Tango, TANG OH.
U, Uniform, YOU NEE FORM.
V, Victor, VIK TAH.
W, Whiskey, WISS KEY.
X, X-ray, ECKS RAY.
Y, Yankee, YANG KEY.
Z, Zulu, ZOO LOO.
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